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This engaging and intelligent book provides an accessible, down to
earth assessment of the role of formalism and rigour in
economics.Professor Mayer argues that there is room in economics
for both highly formalised theory and for the less formal theory
that predominates in the natural sciences. But economists generally
fail to distinguish between these two types of theory. As a result,
they often act as if the strength of an argument depends on the
strength of its strongest link. They misallocate effort, polishing
those parts of the argument that tend to be formalised, while
paying insufficient attention to the others. Drawing on public
choice theory, Mayer shows how this emphasis on the strongest link
has distorted research particularly in new classical theory. He
advocates stricter econometric testing, showing that many
procedures currently used are only soft tests.
This unique book deals with the most serious macroeconomic failure
experienced in the US in the post-war period and the great
inflation of the late 1960s and 1970s. It is the first detailed
analysis, using Federal Reserve documents, of the thinking behind
the inflationary monetary policy during this period. The book
examines documentary evidence, including minutes, memos and reports
and interviews with people who were closely involved in making
policy decisions, to explain the monetary policy that led to this
inflation. Thomas Mayer considers forecasting errors and wage and
price controls in his attempt to explain why the inflation occurred
and places some of the blame on ineffective operating procedures,
institutional inefficiencies, and political pressures on the
Federal Reserve. The author concludes that much of the
responsibility for the mistaken policies lies with academic
economists who underestimated the dangers of inflation and
encouraged the Federal Reserve to focus on an unattainable
employment goal. Monetary Policy and the Great Inflation in the
United States will be welcomed by economists, political scientists
and economic historians interested in monetary policy.
The financial crisis has exposed severe shortcomings in mainstream
monetary economics and modern finance. It is surprising that these
shortcomings have not led to a wider debate about the need to
overhaul these theories. Instead, mainstream economists have closed
ranks to defend existing theories and public authorities have
expanded their interference in markets. This book investigates the
problems associated with mainstream monetary economics and finance,
and proposes alternatives based on the Austrian school of
economics. This school emanated from the work of the
nineteenth-century Austrian economist Carl Menger and was developed
further by Eugen von Boehm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises, and Friedrich
August von Hayek. In monetary economics, the Austrian school
regards the creation of money by banks through credit extension as
a key source of economic instability. From this follows the need
for a comprehensive reform of our present monetary system. In a new
monetary order, money could be issued by both public and private
institutions, and there would be no need for fractional reserve
banking. Instead of creating money, banks would intermediate it. In
finance, the Austrian school rejects the notion of rational
expectations and measurable risk. Individuals use their subjective
knowledge to gather and evaluate information, and they act in a
world of radical uncertainty. Hence, markets are not "efficient"
nor can portfolios be built on the basis of known probability
distributions of asset prices as described in the modern finance
literature. This book explores the need for a new theoretical
foundation for asset pricing and investment management that will
give practitioners more useful orientation.
Doing Economic Research brings together a series of authoritative
and illuminating essays by Thomas Mayer which bridge the gap
between the abstract work of methodology and the practical research
problems that concern the professional economist. Arguing that
methodologists should pay more attention to the day-to-day problems
that face practising economists, Professor Mayer illustrates how
simple methodological considerations can clarify a series of issues
in applied economics. In particular, he offers a defence of
positivism in economics and counters the argument that economics is
not an empirical science. Specific essays reassess debates about
microfoundations and Ricardian equivalence, consider whether
assumptions should be realistic, question whether recent
improvements in techniques have helped to resolve the monetarist
debate, discuss the role of consumer theory and deal with some key
issues in econometric practice. Doing Economic Research differs
from other work on economic methodology by focusing on specific
issues of concern to applied economists, such as whether the
failure of consumer choice theory on experimental tests matters.
Applied economists and methodologists will welcome the book's
direct, down-to-earth manner and the way in which Professor Mayer's
ideas are applied to contemporary economic research.
Vaccination is a topic that has long divided opinion. Today, in
view of Covid-19, that debate has become ever more polarized.
Illustrated throughout with full-colour images, Covid Vaccines from
a Spiritual Perspective deals with scientific facts, but also with
research that requires spiritual-scientific methods. Led by main
author and activist Thomas Mayer, the volume features reports,
experiences and commentary from more than fifty contributors with
clairvoyant and psychic abilities. From their observations, it is
argued that Covid vaccines are not 'harmless jabs', but potentially
violent interventions in the subtle structures of the human body,
soul and spirit. The vaccines even have implications for an
individual's life beyond death. Instead of the soul evolving in the
afterlife, it could remain bound to the earth, suffering deeply.
--- Although this book's conclusions may appear alarming, it is not
the author's intention to create fear. He seeks only to provide
useful information and enlightenment, demonstrating how vaccinated
and unvaccinated people can deal with this subject consciously,
courageously and with hope for the future.
This two volume set reprints 28 papers on fiscal and monetary
policy interpreted broadly enough to include such issues as the
effects of government debt and intergenerational accounting. It
emphasizes problems that are not specific to a particular country
but are relevant for all developed market economies. Fiscal and
Monetary Policy is divided into three parts; the first deals with
the problems that are common to both fiscal and monetary policies;
the second deals with fiscal policy and the third with monetary
policy.Fiscal and Monetary Policy includes important articles on
the effects of lags on the feasibility of stabilization policy,
time inconsistency, the motivation of monetary and fiscal
authorities, the Lucas critique, Ricardian equivalence, the choice
of monetary targets, feedback rules, international aspects of
monetary policy and the appropriate role of government in the
monetary system.
Let's work together to develop inner light and counteract the
darkness! --- Illustrated throughout in full colour, this booklet
features 28 meditations and soul exercises to help develop courage
and internal strength, supporting our inner being and spiritual
self. The meditations can aid in clearing our emotional space and
illuminating our thinking - strengthening health, bringing healing
to dark impulses and assisting us in integrating death as an
important part of life. The exercises are also a contribution to
easing the tensions felt in the collective consciousness during
this time of multiple global crises. --- In the concluding chapter,
based on concepts from the research of Rudolf Steiner, the author
puts into perspective the spiritual struggle underlying the
coronavirus crisis.
The Jewish community of Egypt in modem times-now practically
non-existent-consisted in part of autochthonous Jews who traced
their origins to the periods of Maimonides, Philo, and even the
prophet Jeremiah, thus making it the oldest community in the Jewish
Diaspora. It also contained Jews who were part of the waves of
immigration into Egypt that began in the second half of the
nineteenth century. Coming mostly from Mediterranean countries,
this predominantly Sephardic community maintained a network of
commercial, social, and religious ties throughout the entire
region, as well as a distinctively Mediterranean culture and
life-style. In this volume, international scholars examine the
Ottoman background of this community, the political status and
participation of the Jews in Egyptian society, their role in
economic life, their contributions to Egyptian-Arabic culture, and
the images of the community in their own eyes, as well as in the
eyes of Egyptians and Palestinian Jews. The book includes an
extensive set of appendixes that illustrate the wide range of
primary sources used by the contributors.
Shining new light onto an historically pivotal time, this book
re-examines the Tudor commonwealth from a socio-political
perspective and looks at its links to its own past. Each essay in
this collection addresses a different aspect of the intellectual
and cultural climate of the time, going beyond the politics of
state into the underlying thought and tradition that shaped Tudor
policy. Placing security and economics at the centre of debate, the
key issues are considered in the context of medieval precedence and
the wider European picture.
The financial crisis has exposed severe shortcomings in mainstream
monetary economics and modern finance. It is surprising that these
shortcomings have not led to a wider debate about the need to
overhaul these theories. Instead, mainstream economists have closed
ranks to defend existing theories and public authorities have
expanded their interference in markets. This book investigates the
problems associated with mainstream monetary economics and finance,
and proposes alternatives based on the Austrian school of
economics. This school emanated from the work of the
nineteenth-century Austrian economist Carl Menger and was developed
further by Eugen von Boehm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises, and Friedrich
August von Hayek. In monetary economics, the Austrian school
regards the creation of money by banks through credit extension as
a key source of economic instability. From this follows the need
for a comprehensive reform of our present monetary system. In a new
monetary order, money could be issued by both public and private
institutions, and there would be no need for fractional reserve
banking. Instead of creating money, banks would intermediate it. In
finance, the Austrian school rejects the notion of rational
expectations and measurable risk. Individuals use their subjective
knowledge to gather and evaluate information, and they act in a
world of radical uncertainty. Hence, markets are not "efficient"
nor can portfolios be built on the basis of known probability
distributions of asset prices as described in the modern finance
literature. This book explores the need for a new theoretical
foundation for asset pricing and investment management that will
give practitioners more useful orientation.
Thomas Starkey (c. 1495–1538) was the most Italianate Englishman of his generation. This book places Starkey into new and more appropriate contexts, both biographical and intellectual, taking him out of others in which he does not belong, from displaced Roundhead to follower of Marsilio of Padua. Beginning with his native Cheshire, it traces his career through Oxford, Padua, Paris, Avignon, Padua again, and finally England, where he spent the last four years of his life trying to fulfil his ambition to serve the commonweal. Most of Starkey’s career revolved around his patron Reginald Pole, scion of the highest nobility, but Starkey (and many other Englishmen) managed to balance loyalty to Pole with allegiance to Henry VIII. Out of favour with the king’s secretary after the middle of 1536, Starkey turned increasingly to religion, continuing to cling to his conciliarist and Italian Evangelical opinions until his death.
A glimpse into the unseen magical world of the elementals and how
they are connected with humankind • Explores the hierarchy of
elemental beings as well as Christ elemental beings, social
elementals, and machine elementals • Explains how elementals
inhabit the etheric space that houses our emotions, feelings, and
thoughts and how they carry the emotional level of the world •
Shows how the author learned to make personal contact with the
elementals and shares his experiences as well as the elemental
world’s urgent call for help We all live in the realm of
elemental beings. They permeate our souls, our thoughts, our
feelings, and they co-create the world around us, yet we are often
completely unaware of them. They, however, are eager to be
perceived and acknowledged by us because their future and ours are
fundamentally connected. Elementals act as carriers of the
emotional level of the world, and Thomas Mayer reveals how he
learned to develop and fine-tune his sense of perception to make
direct personal contact with them. Providing insight into the
elemental hierarchy, from the low workers to the masters and the
elemental kings, he portrays Christ elemental beings, social
elementals, and machine elementals as well. He also explores the
adversarial forces like Lucifer and Ahriman that access the
elemental world through the subconscious of humans and seek to
destroy our elemental friends. Through sharing his encounters with
fairies, dwarves, giants, and others, the author reveals their
urgent call for help, an entreaty to anchor the elemental beings
again in the awareness of humankind through recognition,
acknowledgment, and conscious connection. Let us support the
elementals in their crucial, life-giving work, through which they
in turn support us in preserving the Earth we live on.
Concepts of Christian martyrdom changed greatly in England from the
late middle ages through the early modern era. The variety of
paradigms of Christian martyrdom (with, for example, virginity or
asceticism perceived as alternate forms of martyrdom) that existed
in the late medieval period, came to be replaced during the English
Reformation with a single dominant idea of martyrdom: that of
violent death endured for orthodox religion. Yet during the
seventeenth century another transformation in conceptions of
martyrdom took place, as those who died on behalf of overtly
political causes came to be regarded as martyrs, indistinguishable
from those who died for Christ. The articles in this book explore
these seminal changes across the period from 1400-1700, analyzing
the political, social and religious backgrounds to these
developments. While much that has been written on martyrs,
martyrdom and martyrologies has tended to focus on those who died
for a particular confession or cause, this book shows how the
concepts of martyrdom were shaped, altered and re-shaped through
the interactions between these groups. THOMAS S. FREEMAN is
Research Officer at the British Academy John Foxe Project, which is
affiliated with the University of Sheffield. THOMAS F. MAYER is
Professor of History at Augustana College. Contributors: JOHN
COFFEY, BRAD S. GREGORY, VICTOR HOULISTON, ANDREW LACEY, DANNA
PIROYANSKY, RICHARD REX, ALEC RYRIE, WILLIAM WIZEMAN
This collection of essays examines the institutional framework in
which monetary policy is made. The essays consider two questions:
how free is the Fed to set monetary policy and to what extent do
organisational problems affect the choice of that monetary policy?
Topics covered include the Fed's response to movements on its
goals, Congressional and presidential pressures on the Fed, the
existence of political business cycles operating through monetary
policy, and the extent to which monetary policy may be explained by
the Fed's own interests. A final section examines the claim that
the Federal Reserve follows counter-cyclical policy and evaluates
its performance as a lender to banks both in normal times and as a
lender of last resort.
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Pluralist Economics (Paperback)
Peter Earl, Jeroen Van Bouwel, Yanis Varoufakis, J.E. King, Mohamed Aslam Haneef, …
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R1,214
Discovery Miles 12 140
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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This book is an authoritative and accessible guide to the
pluralist movement threatening to revolutionize mainstream
economics. Leading figures in the field explain why pluralism is a
required virtue in economics, how it came to be blocked and what it
means for the way we think about, research and teach economics. The
first part of the book looks at how neoclassical economics gained
its stranglehold, particularly in the United States, and how the
social and intellectual underpinnings of economics have enabled it
to maintain this in the face of inconsistent evidence from the real
world. This is then contrasted with different approaches to
pluralism. "Pluralist Economics" then goes on to address the array
of arguments for establishing pluralism, showing how economics came
to function as a concealed ideology and not as a science, and how
value-free economics is an illusion. Finally, it addresses the
practical problems presented by this different way of doing
economics.
Scent of the Trace is an expose of an Architect's inner dialogues
during the design process. The book contains a detailed and
extensive documentation of the internal struggle to conceptually
ground and position three different works of architecture;
Sancaklar Mosque, Bergama Cultural Center and Yalikavak Palmarina.
Emre Arolat investigates how architecture can exceed its boundaries
by envisioning the interaction between the work of architecture and
the community, the unique interpretation of the context and the
relation to its physical surroundings. Arolat's writing shows that
works of architecture are palimpsests and as such are devoid of any
single message. Accompanied by sketches, drawings and photographs
that give insight into the design process, the book presents the
search for an architecture construct that nurtures culture, social
interaction and diversity, fostering relationships where the key to
a design is not to be found in its "origin" but in its
"destination," where architecture transforms the destiny of a
place. Emre Arolat is the Founding Partner and Lead Designer of
EAA-Emre Arolat Architecture, an international design studio with
offices in New York, London and Istanbul. Since 2004, EAA has
cultivated a design approach, reconciling issues of identity that
is rooted in historical and geographic traditions, yet recognizes
the inescapable demands of the contemporary world.
Poison gas was one of the most fearful weapons of its day and added
a terrifying new dimension to modern warfare. In 1915, the only
item a soldier had to protect himself from the harmful effects of
gas was a shell dressing, soaked in his own urine and then tied
around his face. By 1918, the British Army had developed a range of
innovative protection methods that heralded the birth of the modern
day military respirator. Throughout both World Wars, Great Britain
led the way in developing anti-gas technologies. Today, items such
as respirators and anti-gas equipment are highly sought after by
the enthusiast. What the collector lacks is information and
reference photographs of such items, and he also has little
information available to him on topics such as preservation,
manufacturer details and safety aspects of handling these items.
This book aims to provide a useful, full-colour reference guide for
the discerning collector and for all students of militaria, as well
as providing a brief history of the development of gas warfare and
equipment.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which
commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out
and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and
impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes
high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using
print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in
1972.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which
commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out
and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and
impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes
high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using
print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in
1972.
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